Cold and Flu: When Antibiotics Won't Help

Colds and flu are caused by viruses, not bacteria. That means antibiotics won't fix them.

The best treatment is rest, fluids, and medicines that ease your symptoms. Most people recover at home within a week or two.

When to treat yourself at home

You can manage most cold and flu symptoms with:

Rest (stay home to avoid spreading bugs)
Plenty of water and warm drinks
Paracetamol or cold and flu medicines for aches and pains
Throat lozenges or gargle salt water for sore throats
Decongestants or nasal sprays for blocked noses

When to see your doctor

Aren't getting better after a week
Are pregnant or have diabetes
Have a health condition affecting your breathing, heart, or immune system
Are aged 65 or older
Are Māori or Pasifika and aged 3 to 35 years

When to get emergency help

Call 111 or go to the hospital if you have:

Difficulty breathing
Chest pain
Bluish lips or tongue
Severe shaking or rigors
Confusion or difficulty waking

Why antibiotics aren't the answer

Antibiotics only work on bacterial infections. Using them for viral infections can harm you through side effects and make you vulnerable to new infections. They also contribute to antibiotic resistance, making future bacterial infections harder to treat.